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Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Part 3. Chapter 3.

Part 3. Chapter 3.

"Do you know, I've been thinking about you," said Sergey Ivanovitch. "It's beyond everything what's being done in the district, according to what this doctor tells me. He's a very intelligent fellow. And as I've told you before, I tell you again: it's not right for you not to go to the meetings, and altogether to keep out of the district business. If decent people won't go into it, of course it's bound to go all wrong. We pay the money, and it all goes in salaries, and there are no schools, nor district nurses, nor midwives, nor drugstores— nothing. " "Well, I did try, you know," Levin said slowly and unwillingly. "I can't! and so there's no help for it. " "But why can't you? I must own I can't make it out. Indifference, incapacity—I won't admit; surely it's not simply laziness? " "None of those things. I've tried, and I see I can do nothing," said Levin. He had hardly grasped what his brother was saying.

Looking towards the plough land across the river, he made out something black, but he could not distinguish whether it was a horse or the bailiff on horseback.

"Why is it you can do nothing? You made an attempt and didn't succeed, as you think, and you give in. How can you have so little self-respect? " "Self-respect! " said Levin, stung to the quick by his brother's words; "I don't understand. If they'd told me at college that other people understood the integral calculus, and I didn't, then pride would have come in. But in this case one wants first to be convinced that one has certain qualifications for this sort of business, and especially that all this business is of great importance. " "What! do you mean to say it's not of importance?" said Sergey Ivanovitch, stung to the quick too at his brother's considering anything of no importance that interested him, and still more at his obviously paying little attention to what he was saying. "I don't think it important; it does not take hold of me, I can't help it," answered Levin, making out that what he saw was the bailiff, and that the bailiff seemed to be letting the peasants go off the ploughed land. They were turning the plough over. "Can they have finished ploughing?" he wondered.

"Come, really though," said the elder brother, with a frown on his handsome, clever face, "there's a limit to everything. It's very well to be original and genuine, and to dislike everything conventional—I know all about that; but really, what you're saying either has no meaning, or it has a very wrong meaning. How can you think it a matter of no importance whether the peasant, whom you love as you assert…" "I never did assert it," thought Konstantin Levin. "…dies without help? The ignorant peasant-women starve the children, and the people stagnate in darkness, and are helpless in the hands of every village clerk, while you have at your disposal a means of helping them, and don't help them because to your mind it's of no importance. " And Sergey Ivanovitch put before him the alternative: either you are so undeveloped that you can't see all that you can do, or you won't sacrifice your ease, your vanity, or whatever it is, to do it. Konstantin Levin felt that there was no course open to him but to submit, or to confess to a lack of zeal for the public good.

And this mortified him and hurt his feelings.

"It's both," he said resolutely: "I don't see that it was possible…" "What! was it impossible, if the money were properly laid out, to provide medical aid? " "Impossible, as it seems to me…. For the three thousand square miles of our district, what with our thaws, and the storms, and the work in the fields, I don't see how it is possible to provide medical aid all over. And besides, I don't believe in medicine. " "Oh, well, that's unfair…I can quote to you thousands of instances…. But the schools, anyway. " "Why have schools? "What do you mean? Can there be two opinions of the advantage of education? If it's a good thing for you, it's a good thing for everyone. " Konstantin Levin felt himself morally pinned against a wall, and so he got hot, and unconsciously blurted out the chief cause of his indifference to public business.

"Perhaps it may all be very good; but why should I worry myself about establishing dispensaries which I shall never make use of, and schools to which I shall never send my children, to which even the peasants don't want to send their children, and to which I've no very firm faith that they ought to send them? " said he. Sergey Ivanovitch was for a minute surprised at this unexpected view of the subject; but he promptly made a new plan of attack.

He was silent for a little, drew out a hook, threw it in again, and turned to his brother smiling.

"Come, now…. In the first place, the dispensary is needed. We ourselves sent for the district doctor for Agafea Mihalovna. " "Oh, well, but I fancy her wrist will never be straight again. "That remains to be proved…. Next, the peasant who can read and write is as a workman of more use and value to you. " "No, you can ask anyone you like," Konstantin Levin answered with decision, "the man that can read and write is much inferior as a workman. And mending the highroads is an impossibility; and as soon as they put up bridges they're stolen. " "Still, that's not the point," said Sergey Ivanovitch, frowning. He disliked contradiction, and still more, arguments that were continually skipping from one thing to another, introducing new and disconnected points, so that there was no knowing to which to reply. "Do you admit that education is a benefit for the people? " "Yes, I admit it," said Levin without thinking, and he was conscious immediately that he had said what he did not think. He felt that if he admitted that, it would be proved that he had been talking meaningless rubbish. How it would be proved he could not tell, but he knew that this would inevitably be logically proved to him, and he awaited the proofs.

The argument turned out to be far simpler than he had expected.

"If you admit that it is a benefit," said Sergey Ivanovitch, "then, as an honest man, you cannot help caring about it and sympathizing with the movement, and so wishing to work for it. "But I still do not admit this movement to be just," said Konstantin Levin, reddening a little. "What! But you said just now…" "That's to say, I don't admit it's being either good or possible. "That you can't tell without making the trial. "Well, supposing that's so," said Levin, though he did not suppose so at all, "supposing that is so, still I don't see, all the same, what I'm to worry myself about it for. "How so? "No; since we are talking, explain it to me from the philosophical point of view," said Levin. "I can't see where philosophy comes in," said Sergey Ivanovitch, in a tone, Levin fancied, as though he did not admit his brother's right to talk about philosophy. And that irritated Levin.

"I'll tell you, then," he said with heat, "I imagine the mainspring of all our actions is, after all, self-interest. Now in the local institutions I, as a nobleman, see nothing that could conduce to my prosperity, and the roads are not better and could not be better; my horses carry me well enough over bad ones. Doctors and dispensaries are no use to me. An arbitrator of disputes is no use to me. I never appeal to him, and never shall appeal to him. The schools are no good to me, but positively harmful, as I told you. For me the district institutions simply mean the liability to pay fourpence halfpenny for every three acres, to drive into the town, sleep with bugs, and listen to all sorts of idiocy and loathsomeness, and self-interest offers me no inducement. " "Excuse me," Sergey Ivanovitch interposed with a smile, "self-interest did not induce us to work for the emancipation of the serfs, but we did work for it. "No! " Konstantin Levin broke in with still greater heat; "the emancipation of the serfs was a different matter. There self-interest did come in. One longed to throw off that yoke that crushed us, all decent people among us. But to be a town councilor and discuss how many dustmen are needed, and how chimneys shall be constructed in the town in which I don't live—to serve on a jury and try a peasant who's stolen a flitch of bacon, and listen for six hours at a stretch to all sorts of jabber from the counsel for the defense and the prosecution, and the president cross-examining my old half-witted Alioshka, 'Do you admit, prisoner in the dock, the fact of the removal of the bacon?' 'Eh? '" Konstantin Levin had warmed to his subject, and began mimicking the president and the half-witted Alioshka: it seemed to him that it was all to the point.

But Sergey Ivanovitch shrugged his shoulders.

"Well, what do you mean to say, then? "I simply mean to say that those rights that touch me…my interest, I shall always defend to the best of my ability; that when they made raids on us students, and the police read our letters, I was ready to defend those rights to the utmost, to defend my rights to education and freedom. I can understand compulsory military service, which affects my children, my brothers, and myself, I am ready to deliberate on what concerns me; but deliberating on how to spend forty thousand roubles of district council money, or judging the half-witted Alioshka—I don't understand, and I can't do it. " Konstantin Levin spoke as though the floodgates of his speech had burst open.

Sergey Ivanovitch smiled.

"But tomorrow it'll be your turn to be tried; would it have suited your tastes better to be tried in the old criminal tribunal? "I'm not going to be tried. I shan't murder anybody, and I've no need of it. Well, I tell you what," he went on, flying off again to a subject quite beside the point, "our district self-government and all the rest of it—it's just like the birch branches we stick in the ground on Trinity Day, for instance, to look like a copse which has grown up of itself in Europe, and I can't gush over these birch branches and believe in them. " Sergey Ivanovitch merely shrugged his shoulders, as though to express his wonder how the birch branches had come into their argument at that point, though he did really understand at once what his brother meant.

"Excuse me, but you know one really can't argue in that way," he observed. But Konstantin Levin wanted to justify himself for the failing, of which he was conscious, of lack of zeal for the public welfare, and he went on.

"I imagine," he said, "that no sort of activity is likely to be lasting if it is not founded on self-interest, that's a universal principle, a philosophical principle," he said, repeating the word "philosophical" with determination, as though wishing to show that he had as much right as any one else to talk of philosophy. Sergey Ivanovitch smiled.

"He too has a philosophy of his own at the service of his natural tendencies," he thought. "Come, you'd better let philosophy alone," he said. "The chief problem of the philosophy of all ages consists just in finding the indispensable connection which exists between individual and social interests. But that's not to the point; what is to the point is a correction I must make in your comparison. The birches are not simply stuck in, but some are sown and some are planted, and one must deal carefully with them. It's only those peoples that have an intuitive sense of what's of importance and significance in their institutions, and know how to value them, that have a future before them—it's only those peoples that one can truly call historical. " And Sergey Ivanovitch carried the subject into the regions of philosophical history where Konstantin Levin could not follow him, and showed him all the incorrectness of his view.

"As for your dislike of it, excuse my saying so, that's simply our Russian sloth and old serf-owner's ways, and I'm convinced that in you it's a temporary error and will pass. Konstantin was silent.

He felt himself vanquished on all sides, but he felt at the same time that what he wanted to say was unintelligible to his brother. Only he could not make up his mind whether it was unintelligible because he was not capable of expressing his meaning clearly, or because his brother would not or could not understand him. But he did not pursue the speculation, and without replying, he fell to musing on a quite different and personal matter.

Sergey Ivanovitch wound up the last line, untied the horse, and they drove off.

Part 3. Chapter 3. Parte 3. Capítulo 3. 3 dalis. 3 skyrius. Часть 3. Глава 3.

"Do you know, I've been thinking about you," said Sergey Ivanovitch. "It's beyond everything what's being done in the district, according to what this doctor tells me. «C'est au-delà de tout ce qui se fait dans le quartier, d'après ce que me dit ce médecin. He's a very intelligent fellow. And as I've told you before, I tell you again: it's not right for you not to go to the meetings, and altogether to keep out of the district business. Et comme je vous l'ai déjà dit, je vous le répète: il n'est pas juste que vous n'alliez pas aux réunions et que vous restiez complètement à l'écart des affaires du quartier. If decent people won't go into it, of course it's bound to go all wrong. Si la gente decente no se mete en esto, claro que va a salir mal. Jei padoriai žmonės į tai nesileis, žinoma, tai bus blogai. We pay the money, and it all goes in salaries, and there are no schools, nor district nurses, nor midwives, nor drugstores— nothing. " Nous payons l'argent, et tout va dans les salaires, et il n'y a pas d'écoles, ni d'infirmières de district, ni de sages-femmes, ni de pharmacies - rien. " "Well, I did try, you know," Levin said slowly and unwillingly. "I can't! and so there's no help for it. " et il n'y a donc aucune aide pour cela. " "But why can't you? I must own I can't make it out. Je dois avouer que je ne peux pas le comprendre. Indifference, incapacity—I won't admit; surely it's not simply laziness? " Abejingumas, nedarbingumas - neprisipažinsiu; tikrai tai nėra tiesiog tingumas? " "None of those things. I've tried, and I see I can do nothing," said Levin. He had hardly grasped what his brother was saying.

Looking towards the plough land across the river, he made out something black, but he could not distinguish whether it was a horse or the bailiff on horseback. Regardant vers la terre labourée de l'autre côté de la rivière, il aperçut quelque chose de noir, mais il ne put distinguer s'il s'agissait d'un cheval ou d'un bailli à cheval.

"Why is it you can do nothing? «Pourquoi est-ce que tu ne peux rien faire? You made an attempt and didn't succeed, as you think, and you give in. How can you have so little self-respect? " "Self-respect! " said Levin, stung to the quick by his brother's words; "I don't understand. dit Levin, piqué au vif par les paroles de son frère, je ne comprends pas. If they'd told me at college that other people understood the integral calculus, and I didn't, then pride would have come in. S'ils m'avaient dit à l'université que d'autres personnes comprenaient le calcul intégral, et je ne l'ai pas fait, alors la fierté serait entrée. 如果他们在大学告诉我其他人了解积分,而我没有,那么骄傲就会出现。 But in this case one wants first to be convinced that one has certain qualifications for this sort of business, and especially that all this business is of great importance. " Mais dans ce cas, on veut d'abord être convaincu que l'on a certaines qualifications pour ce genre de métier, et surtout que tout ce métier est d'une grande importance. " Bet šiuo atveju pirmiausia norisi įsitikinti, kad žmogus turi tam tikrą kvalifikaciją tokiam verslui, ypač kad visas šis verslas yra labai svarbus. " 但在这种情况下,首先要确信一个人具有从事这类业务的某些资格,尤其是所有这些业务都非常重要。 " "What! do you mean to say it's not of importance?" said Sergey Ivanovitch, stung to the quick too at his brother's considering anything of no importance that interested him, and still more at his obviously paying little attention to what he was saying. 谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇说,他的兄弟在考虑任何让他感兴趣的无关紧要的事情,而且更明显地对他所说的话不屑一顾,这也让他感到刺痛。 "I don't think it important; it does not take hold of me, I can't help it," answered Levin, making out that what he saw was the bailiff, and that the bailiff seemed to be letting the peasants go off the ploughed land. "Je ne pense pas que ce soit important; ça ne me saisit pas, je ne peux pas m'en empêcher", répondit Levin, faisant remarquer que ce qu'il avait vu était l'huissier, et que l'huissier semblait laisser partir les paysans. la terre labourée. They were turning the plough over. Ils retournaient la charrue. Jie vartė plūgą. "Can they have finished ploughing?" he wondered.

"Come, really though," said the elder brother, with a frown on his handsome, clever face, "there's a limit to everything. «Viens, vraiment,» dit le frère aîné, avec un froncement de sourcils sur son beau visage intelligent, «il y a une limite à tout. - Vis dėlto ateik, - tarė vyresnysis brolis, susiraukęs gražiu, sumaniu veidu, - viskam yra riba. It's very well to be original and genuine, and to dislike everything conventional—I know all about that; but really, what you're saying either has no meaning, or it has a very wrong meaning. C'est très bien d'être original et authentique, et de ne pas aimer tout ce qui est conventionnel - je sais tout à ce sujet; mais en réalité, ce que vous dites n'a pas de sens ou il a un sens très faux. How can you think it a matter of no importance whether the peasant, whom you love as you assert…" Comment pouvez-vous penser que peu importe que le paysan, que vous aimez comme vous l'affirmez… " "I never did assert it," thought Konstantin Levin. "Je ne l'ai jamais affirmé", pensa Konstantin Levin. "…dies without help? The ignorant peasant-women starve the children, and the people stagnate in darkness, and are helpless in the hands of every village clerk, while you have at your disposal a means of helping them, and don't help them because to your mind it's of no importance. " Les paysannes ignorantes affament les enfants, et les gens stagnent dans les ténèbres, et sont impuissants entre les mains de tous les commis de village, alors que vous avez à votre disposition un moyen de les aider, et ne les aidez pas car à votre avis c'est sans importance. " And Sergey Ivanovitch put before him the alternative: either you are so undeveloped that you can't see all that you can do, or you won't sacrifice your ease, your vanity, or whatever it is, to do it. Et Sergey Ivanovitch lui a présenté l'alternative: soit vous êtes si peu développé que vous ne pouvez pas voir tout ce que vous pouvez faire, soit vous ne sacrifierez pas votre facilité, votre vanité, ou quoi que ce soit, pour le faire. Konstantin Levin felt that there was no course open to him but to submit, or to confess to a lack of zeal for the public good. Konstantin Levin a estimé qu'il ne lui restait d'autre choix que de se soumettre, ou d'avouer un manque de zèle pour le bien public.

And this mortified him and hurt his feelings.

"It's both," he said resolutely: "I don't see that it was possible…" «C'est les deux», dit-il résolument: «Je ne vois pas que c'était possible…» "What! was it impossible, if the money were properly laid out, to provide medical aid? " était-il impossible, si l'argent était correctement réparti, de fournir une aide médicale? " "Impossible, as it seems to me…. For the three thousand square miles of our district, what with our thaws, and the storms, and the work in the fields, I don't see how it is possible to provide medical aid all over. Pour les trois mille kilomètres carrés de notre district, avec nos dégels, les tempêtes et le travail dans les champs, je ne vois pas comment il est possible de fournir une aide médicale partout. Už tris tūkstančius kvadratinių mylių mūsų rajono, kas nutiko mūsų atlydžiams, audroms ir darbui laukuose, aš nematau, kaip įmanoma suteikti medicinos pagalbą visame pasaulyje. 对于我们区的三千平方英里,我们的解冻,暴风雨,还有田间的工作,我看不出怎么可能在各地提供医疗援助。 And besides, I don't believe in medicine. " Be to, netikiu medicina. " "Oh, well, that's unfair…I can quote to you thousands of instances…. "Oh, bueno, eso es injusto... Puedo citarte miles de instancias.... «Oh, eh bien, c'est injuste… je peux vous citer des milliers d'exemples…. But the schools, anyway. " "Why have schools? "What do you mean? Can there be two opinions of the advantage of education? Peut-il y avoir deux opinions sur l’avantage de l’éducation? If it's a good thing for you, it's a good thing for everyone. " Konstantin Levin felt himself morally pinned against a wall, and so he got hot, and unconsciously blurted out the chief cause of his indifference to public business. Konstantin Levin se sentit moralement coincé contre un mur, et donc il devint chaud et laissa inconsciemment échapper la cause principale de son indifférence aux affaires publiques. 康斯坦丁·莱文觉得自己在道德上被钉在了墙上,所以他很热,不自觉地脱口而出他对公共事务漠不关心的主要原因。

"Perhaps it may all be very good; but why should I worry myself about establishing dispensaries which I shall never make use of, and schools to which I shall never send my children, to which even the peasants don't want to send their children, and to which I've no very firm faith that they ought to send them? " said he. Sergey Ivanovitch was for a minute surprised at this unexpected view of the subject; but he promptly made a new plan of attack. 谢尔盖·伊凡诺维奇对这个出乎意料的观点感到惊讶。但他立即制定了新的进攻计划。

He was silent for a little, drew out a hook, threw it in again, and turned to his brother smiling. Il resta silencieux un moment, tira un crochet, le lança à nouveau et se tourna vers son frère en souriant.

"Come, now…. In the first place, the dispensary is needed. En premier lieu, le dispensaire est nécessaire. We ourselves sent for the district doctor for Agafea Mihalovna. " "Oh, well, but I fancy her wrist will never be straight again. «Oh, eh bien, mais je pense que son poignet ne sera plus jamais droit. "That remains to be proved…. «Cela reste à prouver…. "Tai dar reikia įrodyti ... Next, the peasant who can read and write is as a workman of more use and value to you. " Ensuite, le paysan qui sait lire et écrire est un ouvrier plus utile et plus précieux pour vous. " 其次,会读会写的农民对你来说是一个更有用和更有价值的工人。 " "No, you can ask anyone you like," Konstantin Levin answered with decision, "the man that can read and write is much inferior as a workman. "Non, vous pouvez demander à qui vous voulez," répondit Konstantin Levin avec décision, "l'homme qui sait lire et écrire est bien inférieur en tant qu'ouvrier. “不,你可以问任何你喜欢的人,”康斯坦丁·列文斩钉截铁地回答,“会读会写的人比工人差得多。 And mending the highroads is an impossibility; and as soon as they put up bridges they're stolen. " Y arreglar las carreteras es un imposible; y en cuanto levantan puentes se los roban. " Et réparer les routes est une impossibilité; et dès qu'ils ont érigé des ponts, ils sont volés. " "Still, that's not the point," said Sergey Ivanovitch, frowning. "Pourtant, ce n'est pas le point", a déclaré Sergey Ivanovitch, fronçant les sourcils. He disliked contradiction, and still more, arguments that were continually skipping from one thing to another, introducing new and disconnected points, so that there was no knowing to which to reply. Il n'aimait pas la contradiction, et plus encore, les arguments qui sautaient continuellement d'une chose à une autre, introduisant des points nouveaux et déconnectés, de sorte que l'on ne savait pas à quoi répondre. "Do you admit that education is a benefit for the people? " "Yes, I admit it," said Levin without thinking, and he was conscious immediately that he had said what he did not think. He felt that if he admitted that, it would be proved that he had been talking meaningless rubbish. Il a estimé que s'il admettait cela, il serait prouvé qu'il avait parlé de bêtises dénuées de sens. How it would be proved he could not tell, but he knew that this would inevitably be logically proved to him, and he awaited the proofs. Comment cela serait prouvé, il ne pouvait pas le dire, mais il savait que cela lui serait inévitablement prouvé logiquement, et il attendait les preuves.

The argument turned out to be far simpler than he had expected.

"If you admit that it is a benefit," said Sergey Ivanovitch, "then, as an honest man, you cannot help caring about it and sympathizing with the movement, and so wishing to work for it. «Si vous admettez que c'est un avantage», a déclaré Sergey Ivanovitch, «alors, en honnête homme, vous ne pouvez pas vous empêcher de vous en soucier et de sympathiser avec le mouvement, et donc de vouloir travailler pour lui. "But I still do not admit this movement to be just," said Konstantin Levin, reddening a little. „Bet aš vis tiek nepripažįstu šio judėjimo teisingu“, - sakė Konstantinas Levinas, šiek tiek paraudęs. "What! But you said just now…" "That's to say, I don't admit it's being either good or possible. «C'est-à-dire que je n'admets pas que ce soit bon ou possible. "That you can't tell without making the trial. "Eso no se puede saber sin hacer el juicio. "Ce que vous ne pouvez pas dire sans faire le procès. „To negalima pasakyti neatlikus teismo. "Well, supposing that's so," said Levin, though he did not suppose so at all, "supposing that is so, still I don't see, all the same, what I'm to worry myself about it for. “好吧,假设是这样,”列文说,尽管他根本不假设,“假设是这样,但我仍然不明白,我要为自己担心什么。 "How so? "No; since we are talking, explain it to me from the philosophical point of view," said Levin. “不,既然我们在谈,那就从哲学的角度给我解释一下,”列文说。 "I can't see where philosophy comes in," said Sergey Ivanovitch, in a tone, Levin fancied, as though he did not admit his brother's right to talk about philosophy. “我看不出哲学是从哪里来的,”谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇说,他的语气让列文幻想,好像他不承认他哥哥有权谈论哲学。 And that irritated Levin. En dat irriteerde Levin.

"I'll tell you, then," he said with heat, "I imagine the mainspring of all our actions is, after all, self-interest. “那我告诉你,”他激动地说,“我想我们所有行动的主要动力,毕竟是为了自身利益。 Now in the local institutions I, as a nobleman, see nothing that could conduce to my prosperity, and the roads are not better and could not be better; my horses carry me well enough over bad ones. Or, dans les institutions locales, en tant que noble, je ne vois rien qui puisse conduire à ma prospérité, et les routes ne sont ni meilleures ni ne pourraient être meilleures; mes chevaux me portent assez bien sur les mauvais. 现在在地方机构中,作为一个贵族,我看不到任何有助于我繁荣的东西,道路没有更好,也不能更好;我的马匹把我带得很好,胜过坏马。 Doctors and dispensaries are no use to me. An arbitrator of disputes is no use to me. Un árbitro de disputas no me sirve. 争议仲裁员对我没有用。 I never appeal to him, and never shall appeal to him. Nunca apelo a él, y nunca lo haré. Je ne fais jamais appel à lui, et je ne ferai jamais appel à lui. The schools are no good to me, but positively harmful, as I told you. 正如我告诉过你的,学校对我没有好处,反而有害。 For me the district institutions simply mean the liability to pay fourpence halfpenny for every three acres, to drive into the town, sleep with bugs, and listen to all sorts of idiocy and loathsomeness, and self-interest offers me no inducement. " Pour moi, les institutions du district signifient simplement la responsabilité de payer quatre pence et demi pour chaque trois acres, de conduire en ville, de dormir avec des insectes et d'écouter toutes sortes d'idioties et de répugnance, et l'intérêt personnel ne m'incite pas. " 对我来说,地区机构只是意味着每三英亩要付四便士半便士,开车进城,和虫子一起睡觉,听各种愚蠢和可恶的东西,而自利对我没有任何诱因。 " "Excuse me," Sergey Ivanovitch interposed with a smile, "self-interest did not induce us to work for the emancipation of the serfs, but we did work for it. «Excusez-moi», intervint Sergey Ivanovitch avec un sourire, «l'intérêt personnel ne nous a pas incités à travailler pour l'émancipation des serfs, mais nous avons travaillé pour cela. “对不起,”谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇笑着插嘴说,“我们并没有为解放农奴而努力,但我们确实为之努力。 "No! " Konstantin Levin broke in with still greater heat; "the emancipation of the serfs was a different matter. „Konstantinas Levinas įsiveržė dar didesniu karščiu;“ baudžiauninkų emancipacija buvo kitas reikalas. There self-interest did come in. 确实出现了自利。 One longed to throw off that yoke that crushed us, all decent people among us. On avait envie de se débarrasser de ce joug qui nous écrasait, tous honnêtes parmi nous. 一个人渴望摆脱压垮我们的枷锁,我们中间所有正派的人。 But to be a town councilor and discuss how many dustmen are needed, and how chimneys shall be constructed in the town in which I don't live—to serve on a jury and try a peasant who's stolen a flitch of bacon, and listen for six hours at a stretch to all sorts of jabber from the counsel for the defense and the prosecution, and the president cross-examining my old half-witted Alioshka, 'Do you admit, prisoner in the dock, the fact of the removal of the bacon?' Mais pour être conseiller municipal et discuter du nombre de dépoussiéreurs nécessaires, et de la façon dont les cheminées seront construites dans la ville où je ne vis pas - faire partie d'un jury et juger un paysan qui a volé un morceau de bacon, et écouter six heures d'affilée à toutes sortes de bavardages de la part de l'avocat de la défense et de l'accusation, et du président contre-interrogeant mon vieux demi-esprit Alioshka: `` Admettez-vous, prisonnier sur le banc des accusés, le fait lard?' Bet būti miesto tarybos nariu ir aptarti, kiek reikia dulkių valytojų ir kaip mieste bus pastatyti kaminai, kuriame aš negyvenu - tarnauti žiuri ir išbandyti valstietį, kuris pavogė lašinių lają, ir klausytis šešias valandas nuo bet kokio šmeižto nuo gynėjo ir baudžiamojo persekiojimo, o prezidentas apklausė mano seną pusprotį Aliošką: „Ar pripažįstate, kalinys doke, faktas, kad buvo pašalintas lašinių? Maar om gemeenteraadslid te zijn en te bespreken hoeveel stofmannen er nodig zijn, en hoe schoorstenen zullen worden gebouwd in de stad waar ik niet woon - om in een jury te dienen en een boer te berechten die een hap spek heeft gestolen, en te luisteren naar zes uur achtereen tot allerlei gejoel van de raadsman van de verdediging en de aanklager, en de president die mijn oude halfzinnige Alioshka kruisverhoor: 'Geeft u toe, gevangene in het dok, dat de verwijdering van de spek?' 但当一名市议员,讨论需要多少清洁工,以及如何在我不住的城镇建造烟囱——担任陪审团成员,审判一个偷了一小块培根的农民,倾听连续六个小时,被告方和检方的律师喋喋不休地喋喋不休,总统盘问了我老糊涂的阿利奥什卡,“你承认吗,被告席上的囚犯,培根?' 'Eh? '" Konstantin Levin had warmed to his subject, and began mimicking the president and the half-witted Alioshka: it seemed to him that it was all to the point. Konstantin Levin s'était réchauffé à son sujet, et avait commencé à imiter le président et le demi-esprit Alioshka: il lui semblait que tout était à propos. 康斯坦丁·莱文对他的主题产生了兴趣,并开始模仿总统和愚蠢的阿廖什卡:在他看来,这一切都恰到好处。

But Sergey Ivanovitch shrugged his shoulders.

"Well, what do you mean to say, then? «Eh bien, qu'est-ce que tu veux dire, alors? "I simply mean to say that those rights that touch me…my interest, I shall always defend to the best of my ability; that when they made raids on us students, and the police read our letters, I was ready to defend those rights to the utmost, to defend my rights to education and freedom. «Je veux simplement dire que ces droits qui me touchent… mon intérêt, je défendrai toujours au mieux de mes capacités; que quand ils ont fait des raids sur nous étudiants, et que la police a lu nos lettres, j'étais prêt à défendre ces droits au maximum, pour défendre mes droits à l'éducation et à la liberté. “我只是想说,那些触动我的权利……我的利益,我将始终尽我所能捍卫;当他们突袭我们学生,警察阅读我们的信件时,我已准备好捍卫这些权利尽最大努力捍卫我的受教育权和自由权。 I can understand compulsory military service, which affects my children, my brothers, and myself, I am ready to deliberate on what concerns me; but deliberating on how to spend forty thousand roubles of district council money, or judging the half-witted Alioshka—I don't understand, and I can't do it. " Je peux comprendre le service militaire obligatoire, qui affecte mes enfants, mes frères et moi-même, je suis prêt à réfléchir sur ce qui me concerne; mais en réfléchissant à la façon de dépenser quarante mille roubles de l'argent du conseil de district, ou en jugeant le demi-esprit Alioshka, je ne comprends pas, et je ne peux pas le faire. " 我能理解义务兵役,这影响到我的孩子、我的兄弟和我自己,我准备考虑我关心的事情;但是考虑如何花掉四万卢布的区议会钱,或者评判愚蠢的阿廖什卡——我不明白,也做不到。 " Konstantin Levin spoke as though the floodgates of his speech had burst open. Konstantin Levin parlait comme si les vannes de son discours s'étaient ouvertes. 康斯坦丁·列文说起话来,仿佛他演讲的闸门已经打开了。

Sergey Ivanovitch smiled.

"But tomorrow it'll be your turn to be tried; would it have suited your tastes better to be tried in the old criminal tribunal? «Mais demain, ce sera votre tour d'être jugé; cela aurait-il mieux convenu à vos goûts d'être jugé par l'ancien tribunal pénal? “但是明天就轮到你受审了,在旧的刑事法庭受审会更适合你的口味吗? "I'm not going to be tried. I shan't murder anybody, and I've no need of it. Well, I tell you what," he went on, flying off again to a subject quite beside the point, "our district self-government and all the rest of it—it's just like the birch branches we stick in the ground on Trinity Day, for instance, to look like a copse which has grown up of itself in Europe, and I can't gush over these birch branches and believe in them. " Eh bien, je vous dis quoi, continua-t-il en s'envolant vers un sujet tout à fait insensé, notre administration autonome de district et tout le reste - c'est comme les branches de bouleau que nous plantons dans le sol le jour de la Trinité , par exemple, pour ressembler à un bosquet qui s'est développé tout seul en Europe, et je ne peux pas jaillir sur ces branches de bouleau et y croire. " Na, aš jums sakau, ką ", - tęsė jis, vėl nuskridęs prie temos, esančios visai šalia taško", - mūsų rajono savivalda ir visa kita - tai lygiai taip pat kaip beržo šakos, kurias Trejybės dieną kišame į žemę. , pavyzdžiui, atrodyti kaip kopija, užaugusi pati Europoje, ir aš negaliu trykšti per šias beržo šakas ir jomis tikėti. " 好吧,我告诉你什么,”他继续说,又飞到一个完全离题的话题上,“我们的地区自治政府和所有其他的东西——就像我们在三一纪念日插在地上的白桦树枝一样,例如,看起来像一棵在欧洲自生自长的小树林,而我无法从这些桦树枝上涌出并相信它们。 " Sergey Ivanovitch merely shrugged his shoulders, as though to express his wonder how the birch branches had come into their argument at that point, though he did really understand at once what his brother meant. 谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇只是耸了耸肩,似乎是想表达他对当时白桦树枝怎么会引起他们争论的疑惑,尽管他立刻明白了他哥哥的意思。

"Excuse me, but you know one really can't argue in that way," he observed. But Konstantin Levin wanted to justify himself for the failing, of which he was conscious, of lack of zeal for the public welfare, and he went on.

"I imagine," he said, "that no sort of activity is likely to be lasting if it is not founded on self-interest, that's a universal principle, a philosophical principle," he said, repeating the word "philosophical" with determination, as though wishing to show that he had as much right as any one else to talk of philosophy. “我想,”他说,“如果不是建立在自身利益之上的任何活动都不可能持久,这是一个普遍的原则,一个哲学的原则,”他说,坚定地重复着“哲学”这个词。 ,好像想表明他和其他人一样有权谈论哲学。 Sergey Ivanovitch smiled.

"He too has a philosophy of his own at the service of his natural tendencies," he thought. «Lui aussi a sa propre philosophie au service de ses tendances naturelles», pensa-t-il. “他也有自己的哲学来服务于他的自然倾向,”他想。 "Come, you'd better let philosophy alone," he said. "The chief problem of the philosophy of all ages consists just in finding the indispensable connection which exists between individual and social interests. “所有时代哲学的主要问题,都在于寻找存在于个人利益和社会利益之间的不可或缺的联系。 But that's not to the point; what is to the point is a correction I must make in your comparison. 但这不是重点。重点是我必须在您的比较中做出更正。 The birches are not simply stuck in, but some are sown and some are planted, and one must deal carefully with them. Les bouleaux ne sont pas simplement coincés, mais certains sont semés et certains sont plantés, et il faut y faire attention. It's only those peoples that have an intuitive sense of what's of importance and significance in their institutions, and know how to value them, that have a future before them—it's only those peoples that one can truly call historical. " Ce ne sont que les peuples qui ont une idée intuitive de ce qui est important et significatif dans leurs institutions, et qui savent comment les valoriser, qui ont un avenir devant eux - ce ne sont que ces peuples que l'on peut vraiment appeler historiques. " 只有那些对其制度的重要性和重要性有直觉的人,并且知道如何评价它们,才有未来在他们面前——只有那些人才能真正称之为历史。 " And Sergey Ivanovitch carried the subject into the regions of philosophical history where Konstantin Levin could not follow him, and showed him all the incorrectness of his view.

"As for your dislike of it, excuse my saying so, that's simply our Russian sloth and old serf-owner's ways, and I'm convinced that in you it's a temporary error and will pass. «Quant à votre aversion, excusez-moi de le dire, ce sont simplement nos habitudes de paresseux russe et de vieux serf-propriétaire, et je suis convaincu qu'en vous c'est une erreur temporaire et qui passera. „Kalbant apie jūsų nemėgimą, atleiskite, kad taip sakau: tai paprasčiausiai mūsų rusiškas tinginys ir seni baudžiauninko savininko būdai, ir aš esu įsitikinęs, kad jumyse tai laikina klaida ir praeis. "Wat betreft uw afkeer ervan, excuseer mij dat ik het zeg, dat is gewoon de manier waarop onze Russische luiaard en oude lijfeigenaar zijn gewoonten, en ik ben ervan overtuigd dat het in u een tijdelijke fout is en zal verdwijnen. “至于你不喜欢,恕我直言,那不过是我们俄国懒惰和老农奴主的作风,我相信你这只是暂时的错误,会过去的。 Konstantin was silent.

He felt himself vanquished on all sides, but he felt at the same time that what he wanted to say was unintelligible to his brother. 他觉得自己四面楚歌,但同时又觉得自己想说的话,弟弟听不懂。 Only he could not make up his mind whether it was unintelligible because he was not capable of expressing his meaning clearly, or because his brother would not or could not understand him. 只是他无法下定决心,到底是因为他无法清楚地表达自己的意思,还是因为他的兄弟不会或无法理解他。 But he did not pursue the speculation, and without replying, he fell to musing on a quite different and personal matter. Mais il n'a pas poursuivi la spéculation, et sans répondre, il s'est mis à réfléchir sur une question tout à fait différente et personnelle. Bet jis nesiekė spekuliacijų ir, neatsakęs, krito svarstyti apie visai kitą ir asmenišką reikalą. 但他并没有追究这些猜测,也没有回答,而是陷入了完全不同的私人问题上。

Sergey Ivanovitch wound up the last line, untied the horse, and they drove off. Sergey Ivanoviç||||||||||||| Sergey Ivanovitch a bouclé la dernière ligne, délié le cheval et ils sont partis. Sergejus Ivanovičius likvidavo paskutinę eilę, atrišo arklį ir jie nuvažiavo. 谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇绕到最后一行,解开马匹,他们就开走了。