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John Milton. His life, Introduction to Areopagitica, and Areopagitica., 01a. Life of John Milton by Sir Richard C. Jebb. Part 1/4.

01a. Life of John Milton by Sir Richard C. Jebb. Part 1/4.

Life of John Milton. Note By A. R. W.

The Commentary on Milton's Areopagitica here printed (Introduction, Analysis and Notes) was privately printed by Sir R. C. Jebb for the use of a course of lectures given at Cambridge in the Lent Term of 1872. It is here reprinted by permission of Lady Jebb. A few trifling misprints have been corrected: otherwise, the commentary is reproduced as it was originally printed.

It may be conjectured that what attracted Sir R. C. Jebb specially to Areopagitica was its wealth of classical and historical allusions, and this, obviously, is the aspect of the treatise which received his particular attention. It was thought by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press that the Commentary should be made accessible to students; and that it might be made more helpful, and be brought more directly into line with the other Pitt Press editions of Milton, if some notes were added on points of directly Miltonic interest, such as the language, parallel passages and so forth; and, at the request of the Syndics, Mr Verity has compiled a short appendix of comments, drawn mainly from his own editions of Milton published by the University Press, and has added the brief Life.

The text of Areopagitica has been slightly modernised in spelling and punctuation.

A. R. W.

Cambridge, May 1918

LIFE OF MILTON by Sir Richard C. Jebb.

Milton's life falls into these clearly defined divisions. The first period ends with the poet's return from Italy in 1639; the second at the Restoration in 1660, when release from the fetters of politics enabled him to remind the world that he was a great poet; the third is brought to a close with his death in 1674. We propose to summarise the main events of the three periods.

John Milton was born on December 9, 1608, in London. He came, in his own words, ex genere honesto. A family of Miltons had been settled in Oxfordshire since the reign of Elizabeth. The poet's father had been educated at an Oxford school, possibly as a chorister in one of the College choir-schools, and imbibing Anglican sympathies had conformed to the Established Church. For this he was disinherited by his Roman Catholic father. He settled in London, following the profession of scrivener. A scrivener combined the occupations of lawyer and law-stationer. It appears to have been a lucrative calling; certainly John Milton (the poet was named after the father) attained to easy circumstances He married about 1600, and had six children, of whom several died young. The third child was the poet.

The elder Milton was evidently a man of considerable culture, in particular an accomplished musician, and a composer whose madrigals were deemed worthy of being printed side by side with those of Byrd, Orlando Gibbons and other leading musicians of the time. To him, no doubt, the poet owed the love of music of which we see frequent indications in the poems. Realising, too, that in his son lay the promise and possibility of future greatness, John Milton took the utmost pains to have the boy adequately educated; and the lines Ad Patrem show that the ties of affection between father and child were of more than ordinary closeness.

Milton was sent to St Paul's School about the year 1620. Here two influences, apart from those of ordinary school-life, may have affected him particularly. The headmaster was a good English scholar; he published a grammar containing many extracts from English poets, notably Spenser; it is reasonable to assume that he had not a little to do with the encouragement and guidance of Milton's early taste for English poetry. Also, the founder of St Paul's School, Colet, had prescribed as part of the school-course the study of certain early Christian writers, whose influence is said to be directly traceable in Milton's poems and may in some cases have suggested his choice of sacred themes. While at St Paul's, Milton also had a tutor at home, Thomas Young, a Scotchman, afterwards an eminent Puritan divine—the inspirer, doubtless, of much of his pupil's Puritan sympathies. And Milton enjoyed the signal advantage of growing up in the stimulating atmosphere of cultured home-life. Most men do not realise that the word “culture” signifies anything very definite or desirable before they pass to the University; for Milton, however, home-life meant, from the first, not only broad interests and refinement, but active encouragement towards literature and study. In 1625 he left St Paul's. Of his extant English poems only one, On the Death of a Fair Infant, dates from his school-days; but we are told that he had written much verse, English and Latin. And his early training had done that which was all-important: it had laid the foundation of the far-ranging knowledge which makes Paradise Lost unique for diversity of suggestion and interest.

Milton went to Christ's College, Cambridge, in the Easter term of 1625, took his B.A. degree in 1629, proceeded M.A. in 1632, and in the latter year left Cambridge. The popular view of Milton's connection with the University will be coloured for all time by Johnson's unfortunate story that for some unknown offence he “suffered the public indignity of corporal correction.” For various reasons this story is now discredited by the best judges. It is certain, however, that early in 1626 Milton did have some serious difficulty with his tutor, which led to his removal from Cambridge for a few weeks and his transference to another tutor on his return later in the term. He spoke of the incident bitterly at the time in one of his Latin poems, and he spoke of Cambridge bitterly in after years On the other hand he voluntarily passed seven years at the University, and resented strongly the imputations brought against him in the “Smectymnuus” controversy that he had been in ill-favour with the authorities of his college. Writing in 1642, he takes the opportunity “to acknowledge publicly with all grateful mind, that more than ordinary favour and respect, which I found above any of my equals at the hands of those courteous and learned men, the fellows of that college wherein I spent some years: who at my parting, after I had taken two degrees, as the manner is, signified many ways how much better it would content them that I would stay; as by many letters full of kindness and loving respect, both before that time, and long after, I was assured of their singular good affection towards me.” And if we look into those uncomplimentary allusions to Cambridge which date from the controversial period of his life we see that the feeling they represent is hardly more than a phase of his theological bias. He detested ecclesiasticism, and for him the two Universities (there is a fine impartiality in his diatribes) are the strongholds of what he detested: “nurseries of superstition”—“not yet well recovered from the scholastic grossness of barbarous ages”—given up to “monkish and miserable sophistry,” and unprogressive in their educational methods. But it may fairly be assumed that Milton the scholar and poet, who chose to spend seven years at Cambridge, owed to her more than Milton the fierce controversialist admitted or knew. A poet he had proved himself before leaving the University in 1632 The short but exquisite ode At a Solemn Music, and the Nativity Hymn (1629), were already written.

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01a. Life of John Milton by Sir Richard C. Jebb. Part 1/4. |||||by||||| 01a. Leben von John Milton von Sir Richard C. Jebb. Teil 1/4. 01a. Life of John Milton by Sir Richard C. Jebb. Part 1/4. 01a. Vida de John Milton por Sir Richard C. Jebb. Parte 1/4. 01a. Vie de John Milton par Sir Richard C. Jebb. Partie 1/4. 01a. Džono Miltono gyvenimas pagal serą Ričardą C. Džebbą. 1/4 dalis. 01a. Życie Johna Miltona autorstwa Sir Richarda C. Jebba. Część 1/4. 01a. Vida de John Milton por Sir Richard C. Jebb. Parte 1/4. 01a. Жизнь Джона Мильтона, написанная сэром Ричардом К. Джеббом. Часть 1/4.

Life of John Milton. |||Milton Leben von John Milton. Vida de John Milton. Note By A. R. W. Anmerkung von A. R. W. Nota de A. R. W.

The Commentary on Milton's Areopagitica here printed (Introduction, Analysis and Notes) was privately printed by Sir R. C. Jebb for the use of a course of lectures given at Cambridge in the Lent Term of 1872. ||||Milton's work||published|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| el||||Areopagitica||impresa||||Notas(1)||privadamente||||||||||||||cursos|||||||| Der hier abgedruckte Kommentar zu Miltons Areopagitica (Einleitung, Analyse und Anmerkungen) wurde von Sir R. C. Jebb privat für einen Vorlesungskurs in Cambridge im Lent Term von 1872 gedruckt. O Comentário sobre a Areopagitica de Milton aqui impresso (Introdução, Análise e Notas) foi impresso em privado por Sir R. C. Jebb para uso de um curso de palestras dado em Cambridge no período da Quaresma de 1872. It is here reprinted by permission of Lady Jebb. Er wird hier mit Genehmigung von Lady Jebb nachgedruckt. A few trifling misprints have been corrected: otherwise, the commentary is reproduced as it was originally printed. ||insignificantes|erratas||||de otra manera||comentario||||||| Einige kleine Druckfehler wurden korrigiert, ansonsten ist der Kommentar so wiedergegeben, wie er ursprünglich gedruckt wurde. Quelques fautes d'impression mineures ont été corrigées : pour le reste, le commentaire est reproduit tel qu'il a été imprimé à l'origine. いくつかの些細なミスプリントが修正されました。それ以外の場合、解説は最初に印刷されたとおりに複製されます。

It may be conjectured that what attracted Sir R. C. Jebb specially to Areopagitica was its wealth of classical and historical allusions, and this, obviously, is the aspect of the treatise which received his particular attention. se|||conjeturado|||atrajo|||||||Areopagitica|||riqueza||clásicas||||||||||||tratado||recibió||| Man kann vermuten, dass Sir R. C. Jebb besonders von der Areopagitica angezogen wurde, weil sie eine Fülle klassischer und historischer Anspielungen enthält, und dies ist offensichtlich der Aspekt der Abhandlung, dem seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit galt. On peut supposer que ce qui a attiré Sir R.C. Jebb vers l'Areopagitica, c'est sa richesse en allusions classiques et historiques, et c'est évidemment l'aspect du traité qui a retenu son attention. RCジェブ卿を特にアレオパギティカに惹きつけたのは、その古典的および歴史的な言及の豊富さであったと推測されるかもしれません。これは明らかに、彼の特別な注目を集めた論文の側面です。 It was thought by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press that the Commentary should be made accessible to students; and that it might be made more helpful, and be brought more directly into line with the other Pitt Press editions of Milton, if some notes were added on points of directly Miltonic interest, such as the language, parallel passages and so forth; and, at the request of the Syndics, Mr Verity has compiled a short appendix of comments, drawn mainly from his own editions of Milton published by the University Press, and has added the brief Life. |fue|se pensó|||Sindicatos|||||Prensa|||||||accesible||||||podría||||útil|||traído|||||||||||||||||||puntos||directamente|||tal||||paralelo|pasajes|||fuera||||solicitud|||||||compilado||||||extraído|principalmente|de||propio||||||||Prensa|||||breve| Die Syndikusmitglieder der Cambridge University Press waren der Meinung, dass der Kommentar Studenten zugänglich gemacht werden sollte und dass er hilfreicher sein und besser mit den anderen Milton-Ausgaben der Pitt Press in Einklang gebracht werden könnte, wenn einige Anmerkungen zu Punkten von direktem miltonischem Interesse hinzugefügt würden, wie z. B. zur Sprache, zu Parallelstellen usw. Auf Wunsch der Syndikusmitglieder hat Herr Verity einen kurzen Anhang mit Kommentaren zusammengestellt, die er hauptsächlich aus seinen eigenen, von der University Press veröffentlichten Milton-Ausgaben entnommen hat, und das kurze Leben hinzugefügt. ケンブリッジ大学出版局のシンジックスは、解説を学生が利用できるようにするべきだと考えました。また、言語や並行する文章など、ミルトンに直接関心のある点についていくつかのメモが追加された場合、それはより有用になり、ミルトンの他のピットプレス版とより直接的に一致する可能性があります。そして、シンジックスの要請に応じて、ベリティ氏は、主にユニバーシティプレスが発行したミルトンの彼自身の版から引用したコメントの短い付録を編集し、簡単なライフを追加しました。

The text of Areopagitica has been slightly modernised in spelling and punctuation. el||||||ligeramente|modernizado||ortografía|| Der Text der Areopagitica wurde in Rechtschreibung und Zeichensetzung leicht modernisiert.

A. R. W. A. R. W.

Cambridge, May 1918

LIFE OF MILTON by Sir Richard C. Jebb.

Milton's life falls into these clearly defined divisions. ||se divide||||| Miltons Leben fällt in diese klar definierten Bereiche. The first period ends with the poet's return from Italy in 1639; the second at the Restoration in 1660, when release from the fetters of politics enabled him to remind the world that he was a great poet; the third is brought to a close with his death in 1674. ||||con||poeta||||||segunda|||Restauración|||liberación|||ataduras|||le permitió|||recordar||||||||||||||||||| Die erste Periode endet mit der Rückkehr des Dichters aus Italien im Jahr 1639, die zweite mit der Restauration im Jahr 1660, als die Befreiung von den Fesseln der Politik es ihm ermöglichte, die Welt daran zu erinnern, dass er ein großer Dichter war, und die dritte endet mit seinem Tod im Jahr 1674. We propose to summarise the main events of the three periods. |proponemos||resumir||||||| Wir schlagen vor, die wichtigsten Ereignisse aus den drei Zeiträumen zusammenzufassen.

John Milton was born on December 9, 1608, in London. John||||||| John Milton wurde am 9. Dezember 1608 in London geboren. He came, in his own words, ex genere honesto. Er kam, in seinen eigenen Worten, ex genere honesto. A family of Miltons had been settled in Oxfordshire since the reign of Elizabeth. |familia|||había||establecida||Oxfordshire|||reinado|| Eine Familie Milton war seit der Herrschaft von Elizabeth in Oxfordshire ansässig. The poet's father had been educated at an Oxford school, possibly as a chorister in one of the College choir-schools, and imbibing Anglican sympathies had conformed to the Established Church. |||||||||||||cantor||||||coro|||imbibiendo||simpatías|||||| Der Vater des Dichters war an einer Oxforder Schule erzogen worden, möglicherweise als Chorsänger in einer der Chorschulen des Colleges, und hatte sich aufgrund anglikanischer Sympathien der etablierten Kirche angeschlossen. For this he was disinherited by his Roman Catholic father. ||||desheredado||||| Dafür wurde er von seinem römisch-katholischen Vater enterbt. He settled in London, following the profession of scrivener. |se estableció|||||||escribano Er ließ sich in London nieder und übte dort den Beruf des Schreibers aus. A scrivener combined the occupations of lawyer and law-stationer. ||||||abogado|||escribano Ein Schriftsetzer kombinierte die Berufe des Rechtsanwalts und des Rechtsanwaltsgehilfen. It appears to have been a lucrative calling; certainly John Milton (the poet was named after the father) attained to easy circumstances He married about 1600, and had six children, of whom several died young. parece|parece|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Es scheint ein lukrativer Beruf gewesen zu sein; sicherlich gelangte John Milton (der Dichter wurde nach seinem Vater benannt) in einfache Verhältnisse. Er heiratete um 1600 und hatte sechs Kinder, von denen mehrere früh starben. The third child was the poet. Das dritte Kind war der Dichter.

The elder Milton was evidently a man of considerable culture, in particular an accomplished musician, and a composer whose madrigals were deemed worthy of being printed side by side with those of Byrd, Orlando Gibbons and other leading musicians of the time. Der ältere Milton war offensichtlich ein Mann von beachtlicher Kultur, insbesondere ein versierter Musiker und ein Komponist, dessen Madrigale als würdig erachtet wurden, Seite an Seite mit denen von Byrd, Orlando Gibbons und anderen führenden Musikern der Zeit gedruckt zu werden. To him, no doubt, the poet owed the love of music of which we see frequent indications in the poems. Ihm verdankt der Dichter zweifelsohne die Liebe zur Musik, die in den Gedichten häufig zum Ausdruck kommt. Realising, too, that in his son lay the promise and possibility of future greatness, John Milton took the utmost pains to have the boy adequately educated; and the lines Ad Patrem show that the ties of affection between father and child were of more than ordinary closeness. John Milton war sich bewusst, dass in seinem Sohn das Versprechen und die Möglichkeit künftiger Größe lag, und gab sich größte Mühe, den Jungen angemessen zu erziehen; und die Zeilen Ad Patrem zeigen, dass die Bande der Zuneigung zwischen Vater und Kind von mehr als gewöhnlicher Enge waren. ジョン・ミルトンは、息子に将来の偉大さの約束と可能性があることにも気づき、少年に十分な教育を与えるために最大限の苦労をしました。そして、Ad Patremの行は、父と子の間の愛情の絆が通常の親密さ以上のものであったことを示しています。

Milton was sent to St Paul's School about the year 1620. Here two influences, apart from those of ordinary school-life, may have affected him particularly. Hier mögen zwei Einflüsse, abgesehen von denen des normalen Schullebens, besonders auf ihn eingewirkt haben. The headmaster was a good English scholar; he published a grammar containing many extracts from English poets, notably Spenser; it is reasonable to assume that he had not a little to do with the encouragement and guidance of Milton's early taste for English poetry. 校長は優秀な英語学者でした。彼は英国の詩人、特にスペンサーからの多くの抜粋を含む文法を発表しました。彼がミルトンの初期の英国の詩に対する好みの励ましと指導と少なからず関係していたと考えるのは合理的です。 Also, the founder of St Paul's School, Colet, had prescribed as part of the school-course the study of certain early Christian writers, whose influence is said to be directly traceable in Milton's poems and may in some cases have suggested his choice of sacred themes. Außerdem hatte der Gründer der St. Paul's School, Colet, als Teil des Schulunterrichts das Studium bestimmter frühchristlicher Schriftsteller vorgeschrieben, deren Einfluss in Miltons Gedichten direkt nachweisbar sein soll und in einigen Fällen seine Wahl der sakralen Themen angeregt haben könnte. また、聖パウロの学校の創設者であるコレットは、学校のコースの一部として、ミルトンの詩に直接追跡できると言われている特定の初期のキリスト教作家の研究を処方し、場合によっては彼の神聖な選択を示唆している可能性がありますテーマ。 While at St Paul's, Milton also had a tutor at home, Thomas Young, a Scotchman, afterwards an eminent Puritan divine—the inspirer, doubtless, of much of his pupil's Puritan sympathies. Während seiner Zeit in St. Paul's hatte Milton auch einen Hauslehrer, Thomas Young, einen Schotten, später ein bedeutender puritanischer Geistlicher, der zweifellos einen Großteil der puritanischen Sympathien seines Schülers inspirierte. And Milton enjoyed the signal advantage of growing up in the stimulating atmosphere of cultured home-life. Most men do not realise that the word “culture” signifies anything very definite or desirable before they pass to the University; for Milton, however, home-life meant, from the first, not only broad interests and refinement, but active encouragement towards literature and study. Die meisten Menschen sind sich nicht bewusst, dass das Wort "Kultur" etwas sehr Bestimmtes oder Erstrebenswertes bedeutet, bevor sie an die Universität gehen; für Milton jedoch bedeutete das Leben zu Hause von Anfang an nicht nur breite Interessen und Raffinesse, sondern auch aktive Ermutigung zu Literatur und Studium. In 1625 he left St Paul's. Im Jahr 1625 verließ er St. Paul's. Of his extant English poems only one, On the Death of a Fair Infant, dates from his school-days; but we are told that he had written much verse, English and Latin. And his early training had done that which was all-important: it had laid the foundation of the far-ranging knowledge which makes Paradise Lost unique for diversity of suggestion and interest.

Milton went to Christ's College, Cambridge, in the Easter term of 1625, took his B.A. ミルトンは1625年のイースター期間にケンブリッジのクライスツカレッジに行き、学士号を取得しました。 degree in 1629, proceeded M.A. 1629年に学位を取得し、MAに進みました in 1632, and in the latter year left Cambridge. The popular view of Milton's connection with the University will be coloured for all time by Johnson's unfortunate story that for some unknown offence he “suffered the public indignity of corporal correction.” For various reasons this story is now discredited by the best judges. ミルトンと大学との関係についての一般的な見方は、ジョンソンが「伍長の矯正という公の憤慨に苦しんだ」という未知の犯罪についての不幸な話によって、常に色づけられます。さまざまな理由で、この話は現在、最高の裁判官によって信用を失っています。 It is certain, however, that early in 1626 Milton did have some serious difficulty with his tutor, which led to his removal from Cambridge for a few weeks and his transference to another tutor on his return later in the term. しかし、1626年の初めにミルトンが彼の家庭教師に深刻な問題を抱えていたことは確かであり、それが数週間ケンブリッジから離れ、学期の後半に戻ったときに別の家庭教師に転勤した。 He spoke of the incident bitterly at the time in one of his Latin poems, and he spoke of Cambridge bitterly in after years On the other hand he voluntarily passed seven years at the University, and resented strongly the imputations brought against him in the “Smectymnuus” controversy that he had been in ill-favour with the authorities of his college. 彼はラテン語の詩の1つで当時の事件について激しく話し、数年後にケンブリッジについて激しく話しました。一方、彼は大学で7年間自発的に過ごし、「Smectymnuus」で彼に対してもたらされた帰属に強く憤慨しました。彼が彼の大学の当局に不利であったという論争。 Writing in 1642, he takes the opportunity “to acknowledge publicly with all grateful mind, that more than ordinary favour and respect, which I found above any of my equals at the hands of those courteous and learned men, the fellows of that college wherein I spent some years: who at my parting, after I had taken two degrees, as the manner is, signified many ways how much better it would content them that I would stay; as by many letters full of kindness and loving respect, both before that time, and long after, I was assured of their singular good affection towards me.” And if we look into those uncomplimentary allusions to Cambridge which date from the controversial period of his life we see that the feeling they represent is hardly more than a phase of his theological bias. He detested ecclesiasticism, and for him the two Universities (there is a fine impartiality in his diatribes) are the strongholds of what he detested: “nurseries of superstition”—“not yet well recovered from the scholastic grossness of barbarous ages”—given up to “monkish and miserable sophistry,” and unprogressive in their educational methods. He detested ecclesiasticism, and for him the two Universities (there is a fine impartiality in his diatribes) are the strongholds of what he detested: “nurseries of superstition”—“not yet well recovered from the scholastic grossness of barbarous ages”—given up to “monkish and miserable sophistry,” and unprogressive in their educational methods. But it may fairly be assumed that Milton the scholar and poet, who chose to spend seven years at Cambridge, owed to her more than Milton the fierce controversialist admitted or knew. A poet he had proved himself before leaving the University in 1632 The short but exquisite ode At a Solemn Music, and the Nativity Hymn (1629), were already written.