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Interesting facts, The Nobel Prize Explained: 13 Interesting Facts

The Nobel Prize Explained: 13 Interesting Facts

The 2014 prize amount was $1.1 m. The Nobel Prize hasn't been awarded every year. According to the rules, if no work from that year meets the criteria, the award money carries over to the next year. The prize went unawarded a total of 50 times, most of them during World Wars I and II.

Most common fields for Physics laureates is particle physics, for Chemistry it's biochemistry, for Medicine it is genetics and for Economics it's the study of productivity aka Macroeconomics. 17-year-old peace prize winner Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel Laureate in 2014, 8 years younger than the 25-year-old physicist who had previously held the title of youngest winner.

The economist Leonid Hurwicz is the oldest, winning in 2007 for his work in game theory. The term “Laureate” comes from Ancient Greece where laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor in both athletic and poetry competitions.

Each Nobel Diploma is a unique work of art, created by Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers.

Two Nobel Laureates have declined the prize. Jean-Paul Sartre (Zahn Paul Sartruh), the existentialist, consistently declined all official honors, including the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Adolf Hitler forbade Germans Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagk from accepting the prize. Boris Pasternak, the 1958 laureate in literature initially accepted, but was later forced to decline the honor by authorities from his home country, the Soviet Union.

Three laureates have been under arrest at the time of the award.

German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky was accused of treason after he exposed Germany's rearmament which violated the Treaty of Versailles; Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest after leading her pro-democracy party to victory against the Burmese military junta; and Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo for writing the Charter 08 manifesto calling for China to drop its authoritarian system of government.

Four people have been awarded the prize twice: Marie Curie, John Bardeen, Linus Pauling, and Frederick Sanger.

Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been honored with a Peace Prize three times and it's founder, Henry Dunant, was separately awarded the first Peace Prize in 1901. Thanks for watching.

For TDC, I'm Bryce Plank.

The Nobel Prize Explained: 13 Interesting Facts Der Nobelpreis erklärt: 13 interessante Fakten El Premio Nobel explicado: 13 datos interesantes Il premio Nobel spiegato: 13 fatti interessanti 노벨상 설명: 13가지 흥미로운 사실 Paaiškinta Nobelio premija: 13 įdomių faktų Nagroda Nobla wyjaśniona: 13 interesujących faktów O Prémio Nobel explicado: 13 factos interessantes Нобелевская премия с объяснениями: 13 интересных фактов Nobel Ödülü Açıklandı: 13 İlginç Gerçek 诺贝尔奖解释：13 个有趣的事实諾貝爾獎解釋：13 個有趣的事實

These are interesting facts about the Nobel Prize: When he signed his last will and testament on November 27th 1895, Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, invested $237 million in today’s dollars in safe securities to create the Prize that could be annually given out to those who contributed the most to mankind in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. |||||||||||||||завещание|||||||||||||||||ценные бумаги|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||Nobel Prize||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

The 2014 prize amount was $1.1 m. The Nobel Prize hasn’t been awarded every year. ||||||||||foi concedido|| According to the rules, if no work from that year meets the criteria, the award money carries over to the next year. De acordo com as regras, se nenhum trabalho daquele ano atender aos critérios, o dinheiro do prêmio será transferido para o ano seguinte. The prize went unawarded a total of 50 times, most of them during World Wars I and II. |||не был присуждён||||||||||||| |||unawarded|||||||||||||

Most common fields for Physics laureates is particle physics, for Chemistry it’s biochemistry, for Medicine it is genetics and for Economics it’s the study of productivity aka Macroeconomics. |||||лауреаты||||||||||||||||||||||Макроэкономика |||||||||||||||||||||||||||マクロ経済学 Os campos mais comuns para os laureados em Física é a física de partículas, para Química é bioquímica, para Medicina é genética e para Economia é o estudo da produtividade, também conhecido como Macroeconomia. Наиболее распространенные области для лауреатов по физике - это физика элементарных частиц, для химии - биохимия, для медицины - генетика, а для экономики - это исследование производительности, также известное как макроэкономика. 17-year-old peace prize winner Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel Laureate in 2014, 8 years younger than the 25-year-old physicist who had previously held the title of youngest winner. ||||||Юсуфзай|||||лауреат Нобелевской премии||||||||||||||||| |||||Malala|Yousafzai|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||laureada|||||||||||||||||

The economist Leonid Hurwicz is the oldest, winning in 2007 for his work in game theory. ||Леонид|Хурвич||||||||||| |economist|Leonid|Hurwicz||||||||||| ||||||||||||||理論 The term “Laureate” comes from Ancient Greece where laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor in both athletic and poetry competitions. ||||||||лавр|венки||||||||||||||| |||||||||wreaths||||winners||||||||||| ||||||||月桂樹|||||||||||||||| ||||||||loureiro|coroas|||||||||||||||

Each Nobel Diploma is a unique work of art, created by Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers. |||||||||||||норвежский|||каллиграфы |||||||||||||Norwegian|||calligraphers

Two Nobel Laureates have declined the prize. Два нобелевских лауреата отказались от премии. Jean-Paul Sartre (Zahn Paul Sartruh), the existentialist, consistently declined all official honors, including the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature. |||зуб||Сартр||экзистенциалист||||||||||| |||tooth||Sartre||esencialista||||||||||| ジャン|||||||実存主義者|||||||||||

Le Duc Tho (Lay Duck Toe), the Vietnamese revolutionary, was awarded the Peace Prize with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973 for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord, but refused in protest because the United States and Saigon had violated the ceasefire terms. |герцог|хотя||||||||||||||||||Киссинджер|||||||||||||||||Сайгон||||перемирие| |Duke|Tho||||||||||||||||||Kissinger|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||サイゴン||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||cessar-fogo| Ле Дык Тхо (Lay Duck Toe), вьетнамский революционер, был награжден премией мира вместе с госсекретарем США Генри Киссинджером в 1973 году за переговоры о мирном соглашении во Вьетнаме, но отказался в знак протеста, поскольку Соединенные Штаты и Сайгон нарушили условия прекращения огня. Four Laureates were forced to decline the prize. Четыре лауреата были вынуждены отказаться от приза.

Adolf Hitler forbade Germans Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagk from accepting the prize. |||||Рихард Кун||Бутенанд||Герман|Герман Домацк|||| |||||Kuhn||Butenandt|||Domagk|||| ||proibiu|||||||||||| Boris Pasternak, the 1958 laureate in literature initially accepted, but was later forced to decline the honor by authorities from his home country, the Soviet Union. Борис|Пастернак||||||||||||||||||||||| |Pasternak|||||||||||||||||||||||

Three laureates have been under arrest at the time of the award. Três laureados foram presos no momento do prêmio.

German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky was accused of treason after he exposed Germany’s rearmament which violated the Treaty of Versailles; ||||||Осиетский|||||||||переоружение|||||| ||||||Ossietzky|||||||||rearmament||||||Versailles |||||||||||||||再軍備|||||| ||||||||||traição|||||rearmamento|||||| De Duitse pacifist en journalist Carl von Ossietzky werd beschuldigd van verraad nadat hij de herbewapening van Duitsland aan de kaak had gesteld die in strijd was met het Verdrag van Versailles; Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest after leading her pro-democracy party to victory against the Burmese military junta; and Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo for writing the Charter 08 manifesto calling for China to drop its authoritarian system of government. Бирманский||Аун||Су Кьи|Кий||||||||||||||||||военный совет|||||||Лю Сяобо||||||||||||||| ||Aung||Suu|Kyi||||||||||||||||||junta|||||||Xiaobo|||||မူဝါဒ||||||||||

Four people have been awarded the prize twice: Marie Curie, John Bardeen, Linus Pauling, and Frederick Sanger. ||||||||||||Лайнус Полинг|Линус Полинг||| |||||||||||John Bardeen|Linus|Pauling|||

Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes. ||||||||||неразделённый|| ||||||||||非共有|| ||||||||recebido||não compartilhados|| Полинг - единственный человек, удостоенный двух неразделенных Нобелевских премий. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been honored with a Peace Prize three times and it’s founder, Henry Dunant, was separately awarded the first Peace Prize in 1901. ||||||||||||||||||||Дюнан|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||Dunant|||||||| Thanks for watching.

For TDC, I’m Bryce Plank. |TDC||Bryce|